Fungus Nails

Fungal toenails, also known as onychomycosis, is a common condition characterized by a fungal infection of the toenails. Fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds, can invade the toenails, leading to changes in their appearance and texture. Fungal toenails can affect one or more toenails and can be both unsightly and uncomfortable. Here's an explanation of what fungal toenails are and their common causes:

Causes of Fungal Toenails:

1. Fungal Infection: The most common cause of fungal toenails is an infection with fungi, typically dermatophytes. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, such as those found in sweaty shoes or damp communal areas like swimming pools and locker rooms.

2. Trauma to the Nail: Injuries to the toenail, such as a stubbed toe or repetitive microtrauma (small, repeated injuries), can create openings in the nail that allow fungi to enter and cause an infection.

3. Poor Foot Hygiene: Not keeping the feet clean and dry, especially in between the toes, can create an environment conducive to fungal growth.

4. Footwear: Wearing tight, non-breathable shoes or using the same pair of shoes every day can contribute to the development of fungal toenails by creating a warm and moist environment that promotes fungal growth.

5. Age: Fungal toenails are more common in older adults due to changes in nail structure and reduced blood circulation to the toenails, making them more susceptible to infections.

6. Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, circulatory problems, or a weakened immune system, can increase the risk of fungal toenail infections.

Common Symptoms of Fungal Toenails:

1. Discolouration: The toenail may become discolored, typically yellow or brown.

2. Thickening: The infected toenail may thicken and become more difficult to trim.

3. Brittleness: Fungal toenails are often brittle and may crumble or break easily.

4. Change in Shape: The shape of the toenail may change, becoming distorted or lifting away from the nail bed.

5. Debris Accumulation: Debris, such as white or yellow fragments, may collect under the nail.